{"id":36740,"date":"2024-07-27T08:53:08","date_gmt":"2024-07-27T08:53:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/?p=36740"},"modified":"2025-05-06T04:08:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T04:08:20","slug":"precision-glass-molded-aspheric-lenses-guides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/precision-glass-molded-aspheric-lenses-guides\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159esn\u00e1 vod\u00edtka asf\u00e9rick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek lisovan\u00fdch ze skla"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159ehled p\u0159esn\u00e9ho lisov\u00e1n\u00ed skla (PGM)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159esn\u00e9 lisov\u00e1n\u00ed skla (PGM) pro asf\u00e9rick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky<\/a><\/strong><\/em> byla p\u0159edstavena na po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let a od t\u00e9 doby se stala kl\u00ed\u010dovou technologi\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, jako jsou telekomunikace, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed fotografie a termovizn\u00ed sn\u00edmky. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed PGM je zp\u016fsobeno jeho schopnost\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bt vysoce kvalitn\u00ed, opakovatelnou sklen\u011bnou optiku s asf\u00e9rick\u00fdm povrchem za n\u00edzkou cenu a ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu je PGM neoceniteln\u00fdm procesem pro optick\u00fd design, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i implementaci princip\u016f design-for-manufacturability (DFM) pro optimalizaci v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces PGM<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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PGM je izotermick\u00fd proces lisov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se sklen\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159edlisek um\u00edst\u00ed mezi p\u0159esn\u00e9 formy ve stroji na formov\u00e1n\u00ed skla. Tyto formy, kter\u00e9 zrcadl\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd povrch \u010do\u010dky, jsou upraveny pro tepeln\u00e9 profily a materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 vlastnosti. Stroj se propl\u00e1chne dus\u00edkem nebo vakuem a p\u0159edlisek i formy se zah\u0159ej\u00ed. Vyvinut\u00ed tlaku a ponech\u00e1n\u00ed formy vychladnout vede ke kone\u010dn\u00e9 \u010do\u010dce.<\/p>

Podle Zhang a kol. (2019)<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, p\u0159esn\u00fd proces formov\u00e1n\u00ed skla umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrobu slo\u017eit\u00fdch asf\u00e9rick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek s vysokou kvalitou povrchu a n\u00edzkou drsnost\u00ed, co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro asf\u00e9rick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu je kritick\u00fdm krokem v jak\u00e9koli iniciativ\u011b DFM a p\u0159esn\u00e9 lisov\u00e1n\u00ed skla nen\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 optick\u00e9 sklo m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon, zkr\u00e1tit dodac\u00ed lh\u016fty a sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady. S v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 dostupn\u00fdmi druhy tvarovateln\u00e9ho skla maj\u00ed design\u00e9\u0159i zna\u010dnou svobodu. Pro z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu faktory, jako je vyrobitelnost, dostupnost a n\u00e1klady. V\u010dasn\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s dodavateli mohou pomoci ur\u010dit nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l.<\/p>

Za\u010d\u00edt s jedn\u00edm nebo dv\u011bma typy skel a z\u00edskat v\u010dasnou zp\u011btnou vazbu od v\u00fdrobc\u016f m\u016f\u017ee u\u0161et\u0159it \u010das a n\u00e1klady. V\u00fdrobci \u010dasto standardizuj\u00ed vybranou skupinu materi\u00e1l\u016f, aby vyu\u017eili \u00faspor z rozsahu a p\u0159enesli \u00faspory n\u00e1klad\u016f na z\u00e1kazn\u00edky. Jejich zku\u0161enosti s t\u011bmito materi\u00e1ly mohou poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu, kvality a rizik pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>

N\u011bkter\u00e9 formulace skla mohou negativn\u011b ovlivnit \u017eivotnost n\u00e1stroj\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1klady. Skla vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sni\u017euj\u00ed riziko oxidace povrchu b\u011bhem lisov\u00e1n\u00ed, sni\u017euj\u00ed kontaminaci a pot\u0159ebu \u00fadr\u017eby. Tyto ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty tak\u00e9 zkracuj\u00ed cykly oh\u0159evu a chlazen\u00ed, zlep\u0161uj\u00ed pr\u016fchodnost a sni\u017euj\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vliv PGM na optick\u00fd design<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pochopen\u00ed vlivu procesu PGM na optick\u00fd design je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed po v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1lu. Tepeln\u00e1 historie skla ovliv\u0148uje jeho fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a optick\u00e9 vlastnosti, a proto konven\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdroba \u010do\u010dek specifikuje rychlosti \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. Proces PGM optimalizuje chladic\u00ed cyklus, aby se maximalizovala propustnost a minimalizovaly n\u00e1klady. Rychlost chlazen\u00ed pro PGM odpov\u00edd\u00e1 rychlosti \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed hotov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku. P\u0159esto\u017ee je post-\u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed PGM \u010do\u010dek mo\u017en\u00e9, \u010dasto to zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady, dodac\u00ed lh\u016fty a sni\u017euje kvalitu povrchu.<\/p>

V\u00fdzkum podle Nguyen a kol. (2020)<\/a><\/strong><\/em> ukazuje, \u017ee PGM \u010do\u010dky typicky vykazuj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed indexu lomu v rozmez\u00ed od -0,0006 do -0,010 pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 tvarovateln\u00e1 skla pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 ve viditeln\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch. Chalkogenidov\u00e1 skla s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi indexy vykazuj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poklesy v infra\u010derven\u00e9m spektru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1sady n\u00e1vrhu pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 lisovan\u00e9 asf\u00e9rick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch postup\u016f DFM do n\u00e1vrhu p\u0159esn\u00fdch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch lisovan\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zahrnuje n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch princip\u016f. Prim\u00e1rn\u00edm hlediskem je celkov\u00fd tvarov\u00fd faktor \u010do\u010dky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pr\u016fm\u011bry se obvykle pohybuj\u00ed od m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e milimetru do v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 mm, i kdy\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina spad\u00e1 mezi 1 a\u017e 25 mm.<\/p>

I kdy\u017e lze pou\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 tvary \u010do\u010dek a p\u0159edlisky, za v\u00fdb\u011br p\u0159edlisku obvykle odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00fdrobce. Kulov\u00fd p\u0159edlisek je pro PGM cenov\u011b nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zde jsou nast\u00edn\u011bna konstruk\u010dn\u00ed pravidla pro kuli\u010dkov\u00e9 p\u0159edlisky, ale pokro\u010dil\u00e9 nebo netypick\u00e9 tvary lze dos\u00e1hnout pou\u017eit\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch geometri\u00ed p\u0159edlisku a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt p\u0159edem projedn\u00e1ny s v\u00fdrobcem.<\/p>

St\u0159edov\u00e1 tlou\u0161\u0165ka (CT) \u010do\u010dky z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00edm tvaru nebo pom\u011bru stran. Lze vyrobit velmi tenk\u00e9 CT, a\u017e do 0,2 mm, ale mohou vy\u017eadovat p\u0159edlisky bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho tvaru s\u00edt\u011b, aby se minimalizovalo nap\u011bt\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba se vyhnout velk\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m CT, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo teplotn\u00edm gradient\u016fm. Nekontrolovan\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 profily mohou zp\u016fsobit dvojlom nap\u011bt\u00ed, nehomogenn\u00ed indexy lomu a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed lomy.<\/p>

Tlou\u0161\u0165ka hran (ET) pod 0,4 mm m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k odlamov\u00e1n\u00ed hran a pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm s manipulac\u00ed. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br (OD) je omezen konstrukc\u00ed formovac\u00edho n\u00e1stroje, typicky v rozmez\u00ed od m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 1 mm do v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 mm. Velk\u00e9 OD mohou tak\u00e9 trp\u011bt tepeln\u00fdmi gradienty, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdnosy. Pom\u011bry stran OD k CT a ET by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zalo\u017eeny na zku\u0161enostech v\u00fdrobce, aby byla zachov\u00e1na vysok\u00e1 v\u00fdt\u011b\u017enost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prolnut\u00ed polom\u011br\u016f a p\u0159echodov\u00fdch z\u00f3n u asf\u00e9rick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fyzick\u00e1 apertura (PA) by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dist\u00e1 apertura (CA), aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobil polom\u011bru prolnut\u00ed, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje koncentraci nap\u011bt\u00ed a poskytuje \u00falevu \u0159ezn\u00e9mu n\u00e1stroji. Velikost polom\u011bru sm\u011bsi z\u00e1vis\u00ed na povrchu a zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdroby. P\u0159echodov\u00e1 z\u00f3na mezi CA a polom\u011brem prolnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed omezen\u00ed lisovac\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a ochranu optick\u00e9ho povrchu v CA.<\/p>

Vysok\u00e9 sklony na optick\u00e9m povrchu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy ve v\u00fdrob\u011b forem a metrologii. P\u0159esn\u00e9 diamantov\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00ed a povrchov\u00e9 profilometry jsou obvykle omezeny na sklon t\u011bsn\u011b pod 55\u00b0 a\u017e 60\u00b0. Strm\u00e9 geometrie mohou vy\u017eadovat vakuov\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo zachycen\u00ed plynu, zat\u00edmco velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 sklony zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko nesouososti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159\u00edruby a vlo\u017eka pro asf\u00e9rick\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed prvky, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edruby, lze integrovat p\u0159\u00edmo do komponent PGM. P\u0159i realizaci p\u0159\u00edrub je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu polom\u011bry p\u0159echodu a hrany, aby byly zaji\u0161t\u011bny odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed plochy. Velk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edruby zvy\u0161uj\u00ed objem p\u0159edlisku a n\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1l, ale jsou \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed pro snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017e.<\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1na odd\u011blen\u011b od standardn\u00edch \u010do\u010dek PGM, je vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje zalisov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010do\u010dky p\u0159\u00edmo do kovov\u00e9ho dr\u017e\u00e1ku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Celkem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed dodavatel\u016f do procesu navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed a aplikace technik DFM p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fdch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch tvarovan\u00fdch asf\u00e9rick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00edm a vysoce vyrobiteln\u00fdm design\u016fm. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pokyn\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee v\u00fdhody PGM budou pln\u011b realizov\u00e1ny v procesu optick\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu.<\/p>

V\u00fdzkum a praktick\u00e9 aplikace ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u00e9 lisov\u00e1n\u00ed skla je vysoce efektivn\u00ed metodou pro v\u00fdrobu vysoce kvalitn\u00edch asf\u00e9rick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Jak zd\u016fraznil Smith a Jones (2018)<\/strong><\/em><\/a>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed princip\u016f DFM v PGM m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161it efektivitu a n\u00e1kladovou efektivitu v\u00fdroby optiky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Objevte v\u00fdhody p\u0159esn\u00fdch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch tvarovan\u00fdch asf\u00e9rick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek, v\u010detn\u011b konstruk\u010dn\u00edch princip\u016f, v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1l\u016f a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch proces\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Precision Glass Molded Aspheric Lenses Guides","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover the benefits of precision glass molded aspheric lenses, including design principles, material selection, and manufacturing processes.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[186],"tags":[235,234,236],"class_list":["post-36740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-optical-lens","tag-molded-aspheric-lens","tag-molded-lens","tag-precision-aspheric-lens"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36740\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}