{"id":46643,"date":"2025-06-30T12:39:49","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T12:39:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/?p=46643"},"modified":"2025-08-06T11:43:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T11:43:43","slug":"introduction-to-optical-sapphire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/introduction-to-optical-sapphire\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/h2>

\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (AL2O3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \"\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\" \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c.<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u91cd\u590d\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (SiO2)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>

\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\/\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644 optiques\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d C\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d A\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d R\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d M\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d C\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 optique \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a optiques \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 optique \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647.<\/p>

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0660\u0662\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (EFG)\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 F). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 1 (\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645).<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>

\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>

\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a:<\/h3>
  • \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 (UV) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (MWIR)\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5.5 \u03bcm (5500 nm). \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 4.5 \u03bcm. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 BK7 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 350 nm \u0625\u0644\u0649 2000 nm\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 210-4000 nm) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f MWIR. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 (AR)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 99% \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
  • \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631:\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.76. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 1.06 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.7545. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 BK7 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.5168 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 587.6 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 (1.3900 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 587.6 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (dn\/dT \u0648dn\/dP)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/li>
  • \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0643\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (c-) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a (No)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.768\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Ne)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 c\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.760. \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 (Ne \u2013 No) \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.008. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d C \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
  • \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631:\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>

    \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>
    • \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064c \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1370 \u06482200 \u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u0645\u00b2\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>
    • \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2053 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (3727 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8.8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/\u00b0\u0645.\u00a0* \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:\u00a0<\/em>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 600-800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
    • \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li><\/ul>

      \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>
      \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (Al\u2082O\u2083)<\/strong><\/th>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c BK7 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 (SiO\u2082)<\/strong><\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Ge)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629)<\/td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628)<\/td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628)<\/td>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/td>150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u2013 5.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637)<\/td>350 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u2013 2.0 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621)<\/td>210 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u2013 4.0 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629)<\/td>1.8 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u2013 12 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>~1.76 (\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a)\u060c 1.7545 (1.06 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>1.5168 (587.6 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>1.3900 (587.6 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>~4.0 (IR)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647)<\/td>\u0644\u0627 (\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635)<\/td>\u0644\u0627 (\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635)<\/td>\u0644\u0627 (\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0633)<\/strong><\/td>9 (\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633)<\/td>~6<\/td>~7<\/td>~6<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>~2053 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>~1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>~1650 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>~938 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (-200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 >1800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646)<\/td>\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646)<\/td>\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629)<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 (\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636)<\/td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 (\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u062a\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0636 \u0644<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629)<\/td><\/tr>
      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>

      \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h2>

      \"\u0642\u0631\u0635<\/p>

      \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>

      • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 (9 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0633) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 -200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 +1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 2030 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>
      • \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
      • \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631:\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0642\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a.<\/li>
      • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/li>
      • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
      • \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (GaN) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d LED \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631.<\/li>
      • \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u043a\u0430\u043c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/li>
      • \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Sapphire \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 UPC \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a FTIR \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 FLIR.<\/li><\/ul>

        \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 BK7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>

        \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h2>

        \"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/p>

        \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>

        \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2033 \u0645\u0646 5.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 6.8\u066a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d LED \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 LED \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Si) \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (SiC) \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (GaN-on-Si) \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 LED \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d LED. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>

        \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 v\u1ed1n \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (HPA \u0623\u0648 AL2O3)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 HPA \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10% \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\" \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/p>

        \"\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/p>

        \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/h3>
        • \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 (KY):\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 KY \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a KY \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 350 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 300 \u0645\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 200 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 KY \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a KY\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a KY \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 GaN \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 LED. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 KY \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/li>
        • \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (HEM):\u00a0<\/strong>HEM \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 HEM \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 34 \u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0631 \u064865 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u0633\u0645. \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0646 30 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u064825 \u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 HEM \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0644 (0001) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628. \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \"\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\" \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c (CHES) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 250 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0631. \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a HEM \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\". \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0640 HEM \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 CHES \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 80%.<\/li>
        • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 (EFG):\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 EFG \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a EFG \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 304 \u0645\u0645 \u00d7 508 \u0645\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 EFG \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 EFG \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 16 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a EFG \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 EFG \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a EFG \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 EFG \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f) \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 EFG \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li><\/ul>

          \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>.<\/p>

          \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 KY\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 HEM. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 HEM\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 KY \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 HEM \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646.<\/p>

          \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 C \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 35-40% \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631\u0629.<\/p>

          \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\"\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0631alski (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/p>

          \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 KY \u0648 HEM \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625FG \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a v\u1ed1n\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/h2>

          \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/h3>
          • \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06485.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 (AR) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 400-1100 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 2000-5000 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li><\/ul>

            \"\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/div>

            • \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (dn\/dT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (dn\/dP). \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 dn\/dT \u0648dn\/dP \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>

              \"\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/p>

              • \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627:\u00a0<\/strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/li>
              • \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631:\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 MIL-PRF-13830B\u060c MIL-F-48616\u060c \u0648\u0645IL-C-48497 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c 60-40) \u0641\u064a MIL-PRF-13830B\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \"0-0\" \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 10110 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \"5\/2 \u00d7 0.004\"\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 80\/50 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20\/10 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 10 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2.5 \u00b5m) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644.<\/li>
              • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d:\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (\u03bb). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u03bb\/20 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 633 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 31.65 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1 \u03bb \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u03bb\/8 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628.<\/li>
              • \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647:\u00a0<\/strong>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0629.<\/li>
              • \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d:\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/li><\/ul>

                \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/h3>
                • \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
                • \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0640 C \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/li>
                • \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>
                • \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>
                • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>

                  \u00a0<\/p>

                  \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_titles_title":"Introduction to Optical Sapphire","_seopress_titles_desc":"Exploring sapphire's unmatched hardness, broad transmission range, and industrial uses in aerospace, lasers, and harsh environments.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"both","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":301,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-optics-material"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46643"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46643\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46643"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46643"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chineselens.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}